A serosurvey of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human T lymphotropic virus type-1 and syphilis in HIV-1-infected patients in Jamaica

The seroprevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and syphyilis were determined in 129 HIV-1-infected patients using commercially prepared reagents. The seroprevalences were HCV, 0 (0/129); HBV, 37 (48/129); HTLV-1, 5 (6/129) and syphilis, 20 (26/129). Fifteen per cent (19/129) of the patients had active/chronic HBV infection. The seroprevalence of HBV was statistically significantly higher in HIV-1 infected men (24/49, 50 versus 17/80, 21; p = 0.005), while the seroprevalence of syphilis was statistically significantly increased in HIV-1 infected patients in the over-40 age group (10/31, 32 versus 6/53, 11; p = 0.05). These findings throw the spotlight on HBV infection and syphilis and suggest that these two sexually transmitted infections should be carefully surveyed in patients with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica. It is essential for management protocols in Jamaica to include screening for evidence of these co-infections

Chronic disease control and compliance--the HOPE worldwide Jamaica experience

HOPE worldwide Jamaica has provided mobile curative and preventative services to fourteen rural government clinics since 1994. The patient records of 1,091 chronic disease patients, aged >30 years between January and December 1999 were reviewed. They were all above 30 years of age with an average age of 64 years; 81were female and 60were hypertensive, 16diabetic and 24had both diabetes and hypertension. There were 2,390 visits for hypertension, with an average of 2 visits per patient. Thirty-four per cent of patients had BP of < or = 140/90 mmHg while 43had BP <160/ 95 mmHg. Compliance was defined as daily consistency in taking prescribed medication. Forty-four per cent of hypertensives were non-compliant at the time of their visit. Anti-hypertensive treatment included thiazide diuretics (65), reserpine (50), ACE inhibitors (30) and alpha-methyldopa (5). There were 1,129 visits for diabetes, with an average of 2 visits per patient. Twenty-four per cent of diabetic patients were controlled to fasting blood glucose FBG levels of <6.7 mmol/l and 38controlled to (FBG) levels <8 mmol/l. Thirty per cent of diabetics were non-compliant at the time of their visit. The most frequently used oral hypoglycaemic agents were metformin (78), glyburide (43) and chlorpropamide (30). Fourteen per cent of diabetics were on treatment with insulin 70/30 (12) and lente insulin (2). Electrocardiograms (ECG) were done on 24(n=267) of patients in the previous two years. Thirty-six per cent had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and 15had evidence of ischaemic heart disease. The level of blood pressure and blood glucose control is inadequate, despitethe provision of regular monitoring, surveillance and improved access to pharmaceuticals. It is perceived that poor socioeconomic conditions, lack of education, cultural beliefs, in addition to other factors, continue to militate against improved compliance and control.